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Images: finding, using and referencing

Academic use of images

Harvard Referencing

All the examples and references in this Images guide are the University of Lincoln Harvard style.

For the Harvard guide and other styles see the Referencing and plagiarism guide.

Images, pictures, photographs

Every time you use an image or illustration in your writing, it should be referred to up to three times:

1. Captions: In a caption under the image.
2. In-text citation: In your writing with an in-text citation.
3. Reference List or List of Illustrations: If you have only used a few images, include them in same Reference List as your books, articles, etc. If you have a large number of images in your dissertation or thesis, you should reference them in a separate List of Illustrations or List of Figures.

Image sources within the reference list (from books)

In-text citation

(Rodchenko, 1936, 107)

Reference list or bibliography entry

Rodchenko, A. (1936) Ready for work and defence. In: W.A. Ewing (ed.) (2000) The century of the body: 100 photoworks 1900-2000. London: Thames & Hudson, 107.

 

Image sources within the reference list (online sources)

In-text citation

(Banksy, 2011)

Reference list or bibliography entry

Banksy (2011) Shop until you drop. Available from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG [accessed 2 November 2018]

Monet, C. (1886) Flood waters. London: The National Gallery. Available from http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/claude-monet-flood-waters [accessed 30 June 2015]

List of Illustrations

  • Either at the start of an essay or report or at the end, before the List of References.
  • Unlike other references, the images/illustrations not listed alphabetically, but in the order they appear in the work.

 

In the text: (see fig. 1.) (Banksy, 2011) or Banksy (2011)

In the List of Illustrations:

Figure 1. Banksy (2011) Shop until you drop. [Graffitti Art] Available from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shop_Until_You_Drop_by_Banksy.JPG [accessed 2 November 2018]

Keeping track

•Record the details when you find the article/book etc.
•Use RefWorks 
  • Bibliographic management tool - automatically generates citations and bibliographies for your assignments
  • Accessible via the Library website
  • You will need to register the first time you use it
  • Export book references from the Library website
  • Export journal article references from Library databases
  • Set up Google Scholar to export references
  • https://guides.library.lincoln.ac.uk/find/reference-management

Banksy art of child falling with a full shopping trolley entitled Shop until you drop

 

Alternatives:

Fig. 1. Shop until you drop (Banksy, 2011)

Fig. 1. Banksy (2011) Shop until you drop

Just be consistent…

  • If you refer to an image from a printed source (e.g. book), you must reference the source.
  • Check with your tutor for specific criteria, e.g. a list of images or illustrations as an appendix.
  • It is not necessary to provide a reference for an image you have created yourself.