Libraries and Learning Skills
We have provided some guides to help you with carrying out a number of commonly used statistical tests.
This list of statistical tests is not exhaustive.
We show you the process to carry out the test in common statistical packages, examples of the output it will produce, and an example of how you could report it using the correct APA style.
If there is a test you would like to do see here, please email us your suggestion.
We can explore differences between groups in multiple ways, depending on the structure of our groups. If we divide our data between subjects (putting different people/participants in different groups) we can compare between these groups and we have a between-subjects design. If we have one participant group and we measure them multiple times, we can test if there is a difference in the repeated measurement and therefore, we have a repeated-measures design.
In some subjects, like Psychology, a repeated-measures design is called a within-subjects design.
Data may be described as as parametric, for data to be parametric it must possess four characterises sometimes called the Parametric Assumptions. Data is parametric if it is normally distributed, homogenous, interval level (or higher) and independent.
Parametric tests, such as an Independent Samples t-Test, should only be used on parametric data, is your data is non-parametric you should a non-parametric version of the test, such as the Mann-Whitney U-Test
For more information on determining if your data is parametric or not, please our guide:
We can also directly test if your data is normally distributed by conducting a normality test.
We can explore relationships in two ways; a correlation or a regression. Correlations quantify or measure the strength of the relationship between two variables. Regression expresses the relationship between two (or more) variables in the form of an equation.