Lincoln School of Creative Arts

Students in Lincoln School of Creative Arts use the Harvard referencing style. You are required to follow this guidance for all of your assessed work.

Access Harvard Referencing Handbook and Help

Please Note:- This is for all LSCA students except for Creative Writing 2nd & 3rd years and PGs - see Are you a 2nd/3rd year or Postgraduate Creative Writing student?

How do I reference a recorded performance on YouTube?

All images you use in your work need to be included in a List of Figures —this includes artworks, photographs, images of any kind (music, dance, theatre, etc.), infographics, graphs, maps, logos, diagrams, charts and tables. It also includes any images you may have created yourself. Figures should not just be used for decoration, they are there to serve a purpose in your work and must be engaged with.

As with any other material, you must credit the source from which any images you use in your work originated following the Harvard Referencing style guidelines.

Where do images go in my work?

If you have a small selection (less than 5) of images or figures, these can go in the body of your essay. If, however, you have a large amount of figures or images you are including/discussing in your work, these should be placed in the appendices at the end of your essay (after References).

If you are a 2nd or 3rd year, or Postgraduate, Creative Writing student, you will be expected to use the MHRA referencing style. 

First year Creative Writing students will be using the Harvard referencing style from 24-25 academic year onwards.

Referencing is important in academic writing and an essential part of any of your assignments. It:

   allows you to acknowledge your sources,

   gives academic credibility to your work,

   demonstrates your knowledge of a subject area,

   prevents accusations of plagiarism.

You should always reference a source when:

   using a direct quote

   summarising a theory

   discussing someone else's opinion

   using case studies

   quoting statistics or visual data

You do not need to reference when stating:

    your own opinion

   your own observation

   your own experience

If you are unsure when to reference a source, this flowchart can help (click on image to enlarge).

Always keep a record of the sources that you use.

Keep good records of the information sources you want to use in your assessment. This is particularly important for web sources as you will need the URL and the date you accessed them.

Are you including images in your assessed work?

Images can include stills of a theatre, dance or music production or performance, and artwork, a piece of data (e.g. graph or table) or images from a book or the internet.
You may be asked to include such images in an appendices when working in a larger document. These images still need to be referenced and you may also provide a description of what the image is as well.