Use the Producer and the Director of a film in the place of the authors.
Dates for films should be the date of first release, not when the video/DVD was published.
Only the film title should be in italics.
The first letter of the first word of a title should be capitalised as should the first letter of the first word of any subtitle. Everything else should be in lower case unless it is a proper noun or an abbreviation that is always written in capitals.
See also the guidance on the APA's Style website on TV and film references at:
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/film-television-references
Notes
The director should be credited as the author of the film.
It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film – e.g. in the cinema, DVD, or streaming.
Parenthetical citation
(Van Sant, 1997)
Narrative citation
Van Sant (1997)
Reference List
Van Sant, G. (Director). (1997). Good Will Hunting [Film]. Miramax.
Format
Director Surname, Initial(s). (Director). (Year). Title of film [Film]. Production company.
Parenthetical citation
(Fry & Gale, 2018)
Narrative citation
Fry and Gale (2018)
Reference list
Fry, H. (Writer), & Gale, C. (Director). (2018, August, 28). The joy of winning [TV programme]. Wingspan Productions.
1. Writer’s surname and initial(s) with a full stop after each initial, followed by Writer in round brackets, comma
2. Ampersand then Director(s)’ surname and initial(s), with a full stop after each initial, followed by Director in round brackets and a full stop
3. Broadcast date in year, month, day format in round brackets followed by a full stop
4. Programme title in italics
5. TV programme in square brackets followed by a full stop
6. Production company followed by a full stop
Parenthetical citation
(Egan & Alexander, 2006)
Narrative citation
Egan and Alexander (2006)
Reference list
Egan, D. (Writer), & Alexander, J. (Director). (2006, January 10). Failure to communicate (Series 2, Episode 10) [TV series episode].
In D. Shore (Executive producer), House. Heel & Toe Films.
Format:
Writer Surname, Initial(s). (Writer), & Director’s surname, Initial(s). (Director). (Year, month date of first broadcast). Title of
episode (Series and Episode numbers) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer’s Initial(s). Surname (Executive Producer),
TV series title. Production Company.
See also the guidance on the APA's Style website at:
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/radio-broadcast-references
Parenthetical citation
(Hall, 2014)
Narrative citation
Hall (2014)
Reference list
Hall, A. (Producer). (2014, May 1). Sane in insane places [Radio broadcast]. BBC Radio 4.
Format:
Producer Surname, Initial(s). (Producer). (Year, Month, Day of broadcast). Title of broadcast [Radio broadcast]. Broadcast channel.
Notes
Put the name of the speaker/host as the author. Describe the type of transcript in square brackets, e.g. [Speech transcript]. Provide the site name in the source element of the reference.
See also the guidance on the APA's Style website at:
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/transcript-audiovisual-work-references
Parenthetical citation
(Gauke, 2018)
Narrative citation
Gauke (2018)
Reference list
Gauke, D. (2018). Prison reform speech [Speech transcript]. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prisons-reform-
Format
Speaker Surname. Initial(s). (Year). Title of speech [Speech transcript]. Site name. URL
